Information

Toxic Shock Syndrome or TSS is a sudden, potentially fatal condition caused by bacterial infections. It happens when the population of a bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus (staph), which is found in 20 to 30% of the population’s vaginas, exceeds normal levels and releases toxic substances in the body that in turn cause toxic shock.

 

It is not yet fully understood what causes TSS for users of internal menstrual or contraceptive products. However, a tampon saturated with blood is a supportive environment for bacteria growth - which is the most plausible explanation why people who use tampons but also (in lower proportions) menstrual sponges, diaphragms, and cervical caps are disproportionately affected by TSS.

 

The symptoms include:

  • A sudden high fever
  • Low blood pressure (hypotension)
  • Vomiting or diarrhea
  • A rash resembling a sunburn, particularly on your palms and the soles of your feet
  • Confusion
  • Aching muscles
  • Redness of your eyes, mouth and throat
  • Seizures

 

If you experience any of those symptoms, remove your tampon and go immediately to the hospital. Tell the hospital staff about TSS: one of the main issues of many people hit by TSS is that medical staff (and even gynecologists) are not well informed about it and might not even think about it when trying to diagnose you. This information could save your life.

The condition made the headlines in the 70s and 80s after the death of several people who were using ultra-absorbent tampons. Although these products have been removed from the market, the disease is still around.

 

If you have ever suffered TSS or any similar condition (many TSS cases don’t get diagnosed as such) don’t ever use a tampon again because the chances you will have another toxic shock are really high.

 

How to minimize the risk ?

 

If you are going to use tampons:

  • don’t use ultra-absorbent ones : 50% of TSS cases occur in people who use such sanitary items
  • Change your tampon every 4 to 8 hours maximum, even if you have a very light flow
  • Don’t use tampons overnight and on light flow days
  • Use cotton tampons: synthetic fibers increase the risk of bacterial growth

 

Alternatives to tampons such as cups are also a good way to minimize the risk. However, you should follow the same rules as with tampons as the infection is caused by bacterial growth : empty it regularly, wash it thoroughly and use other methods at night and on light flow days.